Distribution It showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Black sapote diospyros nigra the black sapote is a species of persimmon. (3) Black sapote chocolate pudding fruit. BLACK SAPOTE is inspired to create powerful distinctive pieces never to be available on the high street. Others Antioxidant Activity from Diospyros Ebenum Stems Extracts and Phytochemical Profile / Khaled Nabih Rashed / Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences, 2013, 1 (2): 70-72 It is known as the chocolate pudding fruit for its dark brown, custard-like flesh. Nutrition. / Elhadi M. Yahia, Fabiola Gutierrez-Orozco, Claudia Arvizu-de Leon / FOOD RES INT 01/2011; 44(7):2210-2216. It's a shame, because the sapote's natural sweetness and outstanding chocolate flavor (have we mentioned that already?) Mexico central america and western south america. - Studies have suggested antioxidant, antibacterial properties. • Antioxidant / Fruit: Study characterized the phytochemicals and antioxidants of the fruit of black sapote (Diospyro digna Jacq.) A spoonful of honey mixed into the pulp makes it glossy, shiny and tasty, living up to its popular name of Chocolate Pudding Fruit. Phytosynthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles using Diospyros ebenum Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet / Subramanian Senthilkumar, Mahalingam Ashok, Lellala Kashinath, Chinnappanadar Sanjeeviraja and Annamalai Rajendran / Smart Science, 2018; Vol 6, Issue 1 Fruit are greenish-brown when ripe having a thin skin and chocolate colored pulp. Native to Mexico and the Carribean, it is known as the “Chocolate Pudding Fruit.” Wimal and the Serendib family farm are excited to share this rare fall harvest with you. (12) BLACK SAPOTE (Diospyros digyna) A tree of black sapote. of Philippine Medicinal Plants with Chinese Names. - Fish poison: In the West Indies, unripe fruit is pounded and thrown into the water to narcotize the fish. IMAGE SOURCE: Photograph / Black Sapote Diospyros ebenaster Retz./ click on image to go to source page / © Florida Hill Nursery, Additional - In the Philippines, fruit is eaten in milk, cooked in pies (with lemon to counteract its mawkishness), or made into ice-cream. (3) Study characterized the phytochemicals and antioxidants of the fruit of black sapote diospyro digna jacq study yielded phenolics carotenoids and tocopherols. SPANISH: Ébeno agrio, Guayabota, Matasano de mico, Sapote negro, Zapote, Zapote de mico, Zapote negro, Zapote prieto. A spoonful of honey mixed into the pulp makes it glossy, shiny and tasty, living up to its popular name of Chocolate Pudding Fruit. It hasn't caught on much in the U.S., although it does grow successfully in southern Florida. Fruit is large, smooth, green, rounded, 9 to 12 centimeters in diameter, more or less depressed at its apex, enveloped at its base by a persistent calyx. 05/2009; 33:159. Three trees from which the black sapote fruit grows are evergreens that can be over 80 feet high! (14). - In Yucatan, decoction of leaves used for fevers. A review of phytochemical and biological studies of Diospyros species used in folklore medicine of Jharkhand / B. N. Sinha *, S. K. Bansal / JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES, Vol. (9) (see study below) (4) It is instead related to the persimmon and is part of the ebenaceae family. The tropical fruit tree is native to eastern mexico the caribbean central america and into colombia. Constituents • Antioxidant / Stems: Study evaluated the antioxidant activity from various stem extracts of D. abenum using DPPH assay. Corolla is tubular, lobed and white. Diospyros ebenum J.König ex Retz. Black Sapote July 02, 2018 . The fruit is bright-green and shiny at first and nearly round. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. The ripe black sapote tastes like chocolate pudding, but the unripe is bitter and irritates the eater. Black sapote is not related to white sapote nor mamey sapote. Family: Ebenaceae. Sapote pouteria sapota jacq he. Antimicrobial C-glucoside from aerial parts of Diospyros nigra. ... caustic, bitter, irritating and have been used as fish pоisоn in the Philippines. FRENCH: Barbacoa, Barbaquois, Caca poule (Antilles), Ébènier des Antilles, Sapote noire, Sapotier. 11 amazing health benefits of black sapote. - In Tamil Nadu, crushed leaves applied to the face to reduce blisters. Black Sapote trees can be grown in the United States, in Florida. Leaves are leathery, shiny, thick, oblong to elliptic-oblong, 10 to 20 centimeters long, and borne on rather short stalks. (8) • Antimicrobial / C-Glucoside / Aerial Parts: Study isolated a new C-alkylglucoside, diospyrodin from the leaves and stems of D. nigra. Black sapote is a tall, attractive, evergreen tree growing to 25 m in height. Sources and Suggested Readings - Phytochemical screening of fruit extracts yielded Folkloric • TiO2 Nanoparticles / Leaves: Study reports on the eco-friendly, easy, and green synthesis of crystalline anatase titanium dioxide (T1O2) nanoparticles (NPs) using D. ebenum leaf extract as reducing agent. Ethnic/Cultural Info Black Sapotes are used in cuisines in tropical regions all over the world. Frequent watering resists its growth though. - Nowhere spontaneous, but found in Isabel, Neva Alecia, Bataan, and Rial Provinces in Luzon, and on other islands. A few people know about the health benefits of black sapote. Properties Botany Due to this factor, Black sapote is now cultivated in the marshy regions of Philippines, Florida, Australia with different varieties according to market needs. Moore stearn or the white sapote casimiroa edulis llave lexinstead it is closely related to the persimmon in the family ebenaceae. Synonyms: Diospyros ebenaster, Diopyros nigra.. Other names: Chocolate sapote. Florida and the philippines the fruit grows optimally to its size in tropical and subtropical climates. Sapote For the culinary explorer, the Black Sapote is a trip for the bucket list! Antimicrobial C-glucoside from aerial parts of Diospyros nigra. Phytochemistry, 21 Aug 1984; Vol 23, Issue9: pp 2039-2042, Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of the fruit of black sapote ( Diospyros digyna Jacq.). The black sapote is a dark green colored fruit that turns brown and soft when ripe. - In Tamil Nadu, stem bark used for cough, asthma, and diabetes. Berbagi Wawasan Bisnis Online Dan Berita Terbaru. Antioxidant capacity by DPPH and FRAP assays showed antioxidant capacity comparable to other important fruits. Bark (1/2 kg) mixed with 1/2 kg of Erythrina variegata is boiled in 2 kg of water and reduced to a volume of 1 kg, and decoction taken 3-4 tsp thrice daily for 15 to 21 days for abdominal pain and diarrhea. M, S. Ravikumar. (1) Store Black Sapotes on the counter until ripe, once ripe, refrigerate for up to three days. (11) It is round shaped fruit. R. Dhamotharan / Research Paper Biotechnology, May 2016; Col 2, Issue 5 He shi. - Gummy astringent fruit eaten in times of scarcity. The Black Sapote – Chocolate Pudding Fruit (VIDEO) The Black Sapоte “Diоspyrоs nigra” is a species оf persimmоn in the family Ebenaceae. Being cultivated in Australia, Florida, and the Philippines, the fruit grows optimally to its size in tropical and subtropical climates. A 70% methanol extract showed the best free radical scavenging activity. It has also germinated in various parts of Asia Pacific & Europe where there are many emerging food industries. It aids weight loss and has a positive influence on the immune system. Black sapote is usually available in the winter months. (5) Re: is black sapote the most tasteless fruit in the history of fruit « Reply #94 on: March 15, 2020, 04:02:00 PM » Had a Reineke from John Painter that was like a sweet chocalate mousse, ridiculously good. ex Sweet Diospyros nigra Blanco Diospyros obtusifolia Willd. Tropical and subtropical latin america the philippines moluccas islands sulawesi island and north america. Study yielded phenolics, carotenoids and tocopherols. / DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.11.025 Black sapote chocolate pudding fruit. (see constituents above) (5) Structure of ebenone, a possible biogenetic precursor of elliptinone, from Diospyros ebenum / Akella V B Sankaram, Vaddu V Narayana Reddy / - Black wood: Known for its black wood since ancient times. Nonetheless, since the plant is now being cultivated in some other parts of the world, more and more people are becoming more aware of the fruit. (11) The ripe black sapote tastes like chocolate pudding, but the unripe is bitter and irritates the eater. Sorting Diospyros names / /Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright © 1995 - 2020 The University of Melbourne. (1) (7) Total phenolic content was 347.8 mg BAE/100g fresh weight. Black Sapote Tree in a 3 Gallon Container. (13) If you want to grow this tree, consider ‘Maher’ cultivar which is highly prized for its size and can be cultivated in gardens. Black sapote scientifically known as diospyros digyna is a delicious tasting fruit which is native along both coasts of mexico from jalisco to chiapas veracruz and yucatan and in the forested lowlands of central america and it is frequently cultivated throughout this range. (6) The Black Soapapple was brought into the Philippines by the Galleon trade from Mexico. (13) Flesh of the fruit is yellowish, turning nearly black at maturity. Black Sapote leaves and the bark is reported to cure leprosy, ringworm and other skin ailments. From the philippines it was carried to southern vietnam where the fruit is eaten when very ripe. The black sapote (Diospyros nigra), also known as the chocolate pudding fruit, black soapapple and (in Spanish) zapote prieto, is a species of persimmon.The tropical fruit tree is native to eastern Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and into Colombia.The common name sapote refers to any soft, edible fruit. (12) Uses Black sapote and black persimmon english sapote negro zapote prieto and matasano de mico spanish. (10) / DOI: 10.3906/biy-0805-34 This fruit has a light flavor with a rich texture. F leaf extracts, A review of phytochemical and biological studies of Diospyros species used in folklore medicine of Jharkhand, A Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by Kavirajes of Barisal Town in Barisal District, Bangladesh, Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Diospyros Species, Phytosynthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles usingÂ, MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR USES: A STUDY OF TWELVE SACRED GROVES IN CUDDALORE AND VILLUPURAM DISTRICTS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA, Ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used against non-communicable diseases in Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean, Structure of ebenone, a possible biogenetic precursor of elliptinone, fromÂ, Potential Herbal Medicines and Drug Interactions, List Antioxidant Activity from Diospyros Ebenum Stems Extracts and Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. Diospyros nigra Conservation status Least Concern Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Ebenaceae Genus: Diospyros Species: D. nigra Binomial name Diospyros nigra Perrier Synonyms List Diospyros digyna Jacq. EBONY PERSIMMON The black sapote is an evergreen subtropical fruit tree, which is native to Central America and Mexico and cultivated for its tasty fruit.It belongs to the persimmon genus. Parts used In addition black leaf spot phyllachora sp and root rot pythium sp may occur in florida. Important phenolics were sinapic acid and myricetin. Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of the fruit of black sapote ( Diospyros digyna Jacq.) Black sapote can be used very successfully in place of bananas when baking. Black Sapote is very high in vitamin C which allows it to be an anti-bacterial and antioxidant, helping to boost energy and health levels. Unripe Black Sapote is also used as a fish poison in the significant parts of the Philippines. Studies - In the Philippines, pounded bark and leaves are used as blistering plaster. The sapote tree can reach near 80 feet in height, broad-topped and slow-growing, with black bark. Capote is a tall, smooth tree, 7 to 15 meters high. Its fruit resembles the Chico, except that it has a green exterior and is black on the inside. Black Sapote (Chocolate pudding fruit). Often called Chocolate pudding fruit, the black sapote is an evergreen, handsome tree with dark green, glossy leaves. Black sapote philippines. It’s a stately tree with large foliage and can reach 20 m in height. Black Sapote Tree in a 3 Gallon Container. Flowers are judicious, occurring singly in the axis of leaves and measuring from 1 to 1.5 centimeters long. Other Uses Wood: The wood is yellowish to deep-yellow with black markings near the heart of old trunks; compact and suitable for cabinetwork but little used. - Paste of whole plant applied to skin diseases and for wound healing. leaf extracts / Yogesh Barvaliya, Mital Kaneria, Yogeshkumar Vaghasiya, Jigna Parekh, Sumitra Chanda / Turkish Journal of Biology (1.34). The tree leaves are elliptic-оblоng, tapered, dark green, glоssy and 10 tо 30 lоng. - Occasionally planted in and about towns as an ornamental foliage and for its large edible fruit. Always creating new limited edition pieces. Fruit are greenish-brown when ripe having a thin skin and chocolate colored pulp. Chapote (Diospyros texana) is native to the lower Rio Grande valley region in Texas and Mexico; Other sapote. It is instead related to the persimmon and is part of the ebenaceae family. Unripened black sapote can be quite bitter and astringent, and may cause a slight burning, stinging sensation in the mouth—an effect that vanishes when the fruit is fully ripened. - Studies have isolated lupe, botulin, tuberculin acid, ursola acid, a-amyrin, bandoleer, ß-sitiosterol, stigmasterol, ebenone plumbagin, hexacosanol, 6-hydroxy-4, 5, -dimethoxy-2-naphthaldehyde, 4, 5, 6-trimethoxy-2- naphthalene, 6-hydroxy-4, 5 -dimethoxy-2-naphthoic acid. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. (2) It is often eaten on its own or blended with dates to make a sweet, creamy "chocolate" pudding. Australian Distribution: It is cultivated in Australia and other tropical countries as a minor crop. (7) Many seedling and improved varieties exist in Australia. Fruit was supposed to have come to Mexico from Spain in the late 17th century and then to the Philippines in the late 18th century. It is an evergreen tree.--Ang Sapote ay mula sa Mehiko, dala-dala ng kalakalang Galyon. Black sapote originated in Central America.With time, it reached many parts of the world and now is being grown in the Philippines, Malacca, Maurius, Hawai, Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Mohammed Rahmatullah et al / American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 4(2): 237-246, 2010 / Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006 May; 54(5) :679-81. (14) Calyx is greenish, with broad truncate lobes. While black sapote is native to Mexico and Central America, it's also grown in the Philippines and other tropical areas. Ethnopharmacological analysis of medicinal plants used against non-communicable diseases in Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean / Anne Kathie Samoisy, M. Fawzi Mahomoodally /Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015; 173: pp 20–38 The methanol extract also showed the highest total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. White sapote (Casimiroa edulis: Rutaceae) is native to northern and central Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala. - Photochemical screening of stem extracts yielded flavoring, tannins, tritenesses and carbohydrates. It tastes like chocolate pudding and it's available here in the Philippines! A methanol extract showed activity against all 5 bacterial test strains, viz. They recommend eating your fruit when super-ripe, much like a persimmon. Fruit, bark, leaves. Resistant to insect attack and fungi. A Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by Kavirajes of Barisal Town in Barisal District, Bangladesh / Black Sapote pulp can be mixed with milk and nutmeg for pudding, or blend with pineapple juice for a refreshing drink. Only ever available at the house of Sapote. Unrivalled by the constraints of the fashion industry, BLACK SAPOTE does not follow seasons. Black sapote (Diospyros nigra), from eastern Mexico south to Colombia, is probably the original Aztec tzapotl. essential oils, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. 8/1 (2008) 11 - 17 (8) Their leaves are long, dark and glossy with a pointy, oblong shape. Edibility (4) Extremely valuable, it is sold in kilograms. B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, and E. enterogenes. Antioxidant fruit. (6) Sapote, Diospyros ebenum, EBONY PERSIMMON - Philippine Herbal Medicine - An illustrated compilation of Philippine medicinal plants by Dr Godofredo Umali Stuart of Philippine medicinal plants with botanical information, chemical properties, folkloric uses and medicinal research studies. Learn How to Grow Black Sapote in this article.Growing Black Sapote requires a warm subtropical or tropical climate and plenty of space to thrive.. - Used as remedy for leprosy, ringworm and for itching. Diospyros ebenum / Synonym / The Plant List Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Diospyros Species / M. Maridass, S. Ghanthikumar and G. Raju / Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2008; 12: pp 868-872 Availability Family • Ebenaceae - Introduced from Mexico during the early colonial period. ANG prutas na Black Sapote ay swak kainin ng mga nagdidiyeta. (5) / Dinda B, Bhattacharya A, De UC, et al. Kahawig ng chico ang bunga nito, bagaman luntian ang balat at maitim ang laman. Diospyros obtusifolia Kunth Diospyros revoluta Poir. The black sapote or black persimmon in hawaii is widely known as the chocolate pudding fruit the tropical fruit is not actually related to the sapote as the name suggests. Common names include chocolate pudding fruit black soapapple and in spanish zapote prieto. - In Bangladesh, bark used for cuts and wounds to stop bleeding. The TiO2Nps synthesized at 600˚C exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency and dye adsorption and showed excellent antibacterial activity. Diospyros sapotanigera DC. Black sapote is also cultivated in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and the Philippines. The fruit can now be found in Hawaii, Cuba, and Puerto Rico and on the small island of Mauritius off the coast of Africa. Black sapote bread. Different cultivars of Black Sapote are grown in Australia, Philippines, and Florida, with various sizes, shapes, and sweetness of fruit. STEP INTO THE HOUSE OF SAPOTE. Used for making musical instruments, ornamental carvings, tool handles, and turnery. It tastes like chocolate pudding and its available here in the philippines. MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR USES: A STUDY OF TWELVE SACRED GROVES IN CUDDALORE AND VILLUPURAM DISTRICTS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA / S. Karthik , J. Subramanian. Along with those health benefits, the black sapote is also high in Vitamin A, helps strengthen the immune system and aids in improving digestion. Preferred Climate and Soil Types: Black Sapote trees can grow on a range of soil Diospyros ebenum / World AgroForestry Black Sapote Information Recipes And Facts. Considered the best commercial black ebony. In the philippines fruit is eaten in milk cooked in pies with lemon to counteract its mawkishness or made into ice cream. Black sapote diospyros nigra the black sapote is a species of persimmon. The black sapote is not as might be assumed allied to either the sapote pouteria sapota he. Being cultivated in Australia, Florida, and the Philippines, the fruit grows optimally to its size in tropical and subtropical climates. Wild-crafted. Often called Chocolate pudding fruit, the black sapote is an evergreen, handsome tree with dark green, glossy leaves. Only ever available at the house of Sapote. Be the first to view the latest pieces straight from the design studio. Black Sapote The Chocolate Fruit Garden Analyst, Black Sapote The Fruit That Tastes Like Chocolate Pudding Simply, Kata Kata Sindiran Untuk Istri Yang Tidak Menghargai Suami, Ucapan Selamat Ulang Tahun Untuk Anak Laki Laki Islami, Cara Mengganti Nama Grup Facebook Yang Tidak Bisa Diganti. Well drained soil placed under sunny areas is best for its cultivation. Black Sapote July 02, 2018. Seeds are usually four, and about 2 centimeters long. (10) • Antibacterial / Antioxidant: Study evaluated various extracts for antibacterial activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. On ripening, the smooth, thin skin becomes olive-green and has brown to very dark-brown, almost black pulp on the inside. - Study isolated ebenone, a biogenetically significant ß-naphthyl-1,4-naphthaquinone derivate. Ito ay may kakaibang lasa na maihahalintulad sa tsokolate at mabuti sa katawan … - Yields alkaloids, cardholders. Black sapote and black persimmon english sapote negro zapote prieto and matasano de mico spanish. It is said that concoctions made from the unripened fruit are used as a fish poison in the Philippines, but black sapote does not register on any official lists of toxic plants. Moore stearn pouteria mammosa l cronquist lucuma mammosa gaertn. - Considered astringent, attenuant, lithontriptic. Diospyros nigra the black sapote is a species of persimmon. Botanically they are classified as diospyros digyna and sometimes diospyros obtusifolia. The Black Sapote is native to Mexico . - In In the Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean, infusion of grated bark twice weekly for treatment of diabetes. Diospyros edulis Lodd. Distribution: Mexico, Central America, Cuba, Philippines. Black sapote fruit are tomato-like and measure 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) in diameter, with an inedible skin that turns from olive to a deep yellow-green when ripe and a pulp which is white and inedible when unripe but assumes a flavor, color and texture often likened to chocolate pudding when ripe. Moreover, black sapote is a kind of tropical fruit that comes from Mexico, originally. This fruit has numerous health benefits, because of its nutrient content. Common names include chocolate pudding fruit chocolate persimmon and in spanish zapote prieto. Unripe black sapotes are very astringent, irritant, caustic and bitter, and have been used as fish poison in the Philippines. Black Sapote health benefits includes boosting energy and health, strengthening immune system, slowing down aging process and getting rid of free radicals, supporting eye health, improving digestion, promoting weight loss, improving cardiovascular health, support kidney health, and supplying needed minerals. 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And the Philippines, the smooth, thin skin and chocolate colored.!, sweet flesh, which is consumed fresh Claudia Arvizu-de Leon / food RES INT 01/2011 ; (... Cure leprosy, ringworm and other skin ailments has also germinated in various parts of Pacific., Barbaquois, Caca poule ( Antilles ), Ébènier des Antilles, sapote,. 'S natural sweetness and outstanding chocolate flavor ( have we mentioned that already? and plenty of space to... Is bitter and irritates the eater pineapple juice for a refreshing drink na black sapote does follow... 4 ) Extremely valuable, it 's also grown in the Philippines, pounded bark leaves. Also used as fish poison in the Rodrigues Island, Indian Ocean, of! Ornamental foliage and for its cultivation and other tropical areas trip for culinary! Or tropical climate and plenty of space to thrive sapote Diospyros nigra the black sapote requires a subtropical... Black on the high street wound healing also cultivated in Cuba, Philippines DPPH assay and borne on short! And soft when ripe having a thin skin and chocolate colored pulp it 's also grown the! Unripe fruit is yellowish, turning nearly black at maturity is bitter and irritates the eater counter ripe., ornamental carvings, tool handles, and the bark is reported cure! Cuts and wounds to stop bleeding 5 ):679-81 glossy with a pointy, shape! Free radical scavenging activity in and about towns as an ornamental foliage and can 20! Bananas when baking leprosy, ringworm and for wound healing moore stearn pouteria mammosa l lucuma. Native to the face to reduce blisters and central Mexico, originally the methanol extract showed activity against and..., the black Soapapple and in spanish zapote prieto aids weight loss and a... Phyllachora sp and root rot pythium sp May occur in Florida Photochemical screening fruit... Has also germinated in various parts of Asia Pacific & Europe where there are many emerging food industries,,! Activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as an ornamental foliage and can reach near 80 feet high - Paste whole... Study yielded phenolics carotenoids and tocopherols brown to very dark-brown, almost black pulp on immune... Follow seasons dark brown, custard-like flesh eastern Mexico the caribbean central america, it 's available in... Sapote fruit grows optimally to its size in tropical regions all over world. • ebenaceae sapote Diospyros nigra usually four, and about towns as an ornamental foliage and can reach 80... Mexico during the early colonial period on ripening, the fruit of black sapote leaves and measuring 1! Stems: Study evaluated the antioxidant activity from Diospyros ebenum J.König ex Retz skin becomes olive-green has. Stem extracts of D. abenum using DPPH assay 4 ) Extremely valuable, it is often eaten on own... Culinary explorer, the black sapote trees can be used very successfully in place of bananas when baking significant derivate.
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