Advantages of this class of fuel cells include high combined heat and power efficiency, long-term stability, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and relatively low cost. Ceramic-metal composites called 'cermet' are also under consideration, as they have demonstrated thermal stability at high temperatures and excellent electrical conductivity. New developments in nano-scale electrolyte structures have been shown to bring down operating temperatures to around 350 °C, which would enable the use of even cheaper steel and elastomeric/polymeric components. [9], Current research is focused on reducing or replacing Ni content in the anode to improve long-term performance. Fuel cells. [17], Above mentioned equation is used for determining the SOFC voltage (in fact for fuel cell voltage in general). 116. [14] Die revers-arbeitende SOFC ist die SOEC. J.Am. Solid oxide fuel cells have a wide variety of applications, from use as auxiliary power units in vehicles to stationary power generation with outputs from 100 W to 2 MW. Vor allem für Niedertemperatur-SOFCs kommen auch Lanthan-Strontium-Kobaltit, (La,Sr)CoO3, LSC, dasselbe mit Eisen, LSF, oder die Kombination LSCF infrage. MEGAMIE 250kW class ; MEGAMIE 1000kW class (Under contemplation) Video MITSUBISHI POWER SOFC. This means that the conversion efficiency can exceed that of traditional technologies. One of the most efficient types of fuel cells is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Bei der Reversiblen Brennstoffzelle (en. Their high operating temperature means that fuels can be reformed within the fuel cell itself, eliminating the need for external reforming … The activation polarization is the result of the kinetics involved with the electrochemical reactions. The issue with using landfill gas to fuel an SOFC system is that landfill gas contains hydrogen sulfide. Wasserstoff ist sehr reaktionsfreudig und kann leicht hergestellt werden, insbesondere in Verbindung mit Kohlenstoffmonoxid wie im Synthesegas. B. mit dem Wasserstoff reagiert. If the conductivity for oxygen ions in SOFC can remain high even at lower temperatures (current target in research ~500 °C), material choices for SOFC will broaden and many existing problems can potentially be solved. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. [39] Further combination of the SOFC-GT in a combined cooling, heat and power (or trigeneration) configuration (via HVAC) also has the potential to yield even higher thermal efficiencies in some cases. Thermal … DOE target requirements are 40,000 hours of service for stationary fuel cell applications and greater than 5,000 hours for transportation systems (fuel cell vehicles) at a factory cost of $40/kW for a 10 kW coal-based system[21] without additional requirements. Again, due to the high affinity between sulfur compounds (H2S, (CH3)2S) and the metal catalyst, even the smallest impurities of sulfur compounds in the feed stream could deactivate the Ni catalyst on the YSZ surface. The solid electrolyte is coated on both sides with specialized porous electrode materials. The electrochemical oxidation of the oxygen ions with hydrogen or … Because of those circumstances a few other equations were proposed:[18]. Configuration. Furthermore, the high operating temperature of SOFCs means that these cells invariably generate large quantities of heat. The particular strength of vehicles equipped with fuel cell drive systems is their long range. [42] People's research on DCFC with GDC-Li/Na2CO3 as the electrolyte, Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 as cathode shows good performance. An SOFC-GT system is one which comprises a solid oxide fuel cell combined with a gas turbine. R [citation needed], 3D printing is being explored as a possible manufacturing technique that could be used to make SOFC manufacturing easier by the Shah Lab at Northwestern University. Unfortunately, LSM is a poor ionic conductor, and so the electrochemically active reaction is limited to the triple phase boundary (TPB) where the electrolyte, air and electrode meet. Mechanically, it has a similar coefficient of thermal expansion to YSZ and thus limits stress buildup because of CTE mismatch. Durch den Einsatz von 3D-Druckern, deren Tinte aus keramischen Partikeln und Lösungsmitteln besteht, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit unterschiedliche Bauformen zu realisieren.[3]. Low temperature systems can reduce costs by reducing insulation, materials, start-up and degradation-related costs. Ein Grund für die praktischen Grenzen der erreichbaren Wirkungsgrade liegt darin, dass zur optimalen Nutzung der relativ teuren Brennstoffzellen Mindeststromdichten angestrebt werden, die wiederum eine ausreichende Zufuhr von Brennstoff und Abfuhr der Abgase erfordern. They replaced a desired fraction of Ce in BaCeO3 with Zr to form a solid solution that exhibits proton conductivity, but also chemical and thermal stability over the range of conditions relevant to fuel cell operation. Furthermore, the high operating temperature of SOFCs means that these cells invariably generate large quantities of heat. Ni coarsening, carbon deposition, reduction-oxidation instability, and sulfur poisoning are the main obstacles limiting the long-term stability of Ni-YSZ. In addition, they can be operated using different energy sources – whether it is renewable hydrogen or methane or conventional natural gas. The tubular design is advantageous because it is much easier to seal air from the fuel. 3801–3803. [40], Another feature of the introduced hybrid system is on the gain of 100% CO2 capturing at comparable high energy efficiency. [41], For the direct use of solid coal fuel without additional gasification and reforming processes, a direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) has been developed as a promising novel concept of a high-temperature energy conversion system. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on ceramic cells are one type of high-temperature fuel cell. They are operated at 600–1000 °C, yielding very high electrical efficiencies of approximately 60 %. Ungenutzte Luft und ungenutztes Brenngas sowie Verbrennungsprodukte werden abgesaugt. This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 07:21. σ Science. Moreover, the density difference between Ni and NiO causes volume change on the anode surface, which could potentially lead to mechanical failure. Highly efficient and robust cathode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co(2-x)Fe(x)O(5+δ). The modified Ni-YSZ containing other materials including CeO2, Y2O3, La2O3, MgO, TiO2, Ru, Co, etc. Auf der Kathodenseite herrscht Sauerstoffüberschuss, während auf der Anodenseite Sauerstoffmangel herrscht, weil der vorhandene Sauerstoff gleich z. [11] And Cu-CeO2-YSZ exhibits a higher electrochemical oxidation rate over Ni-YSZ when running on CO and syngas, and can achieve even higher performance using CO than H2, after adding a cobalt co-catalyst. {\displaystyle \sigma _{0}} Carbon deposition occurs when carbon atoms, formed by hydrocarbon pyrolysis or CO disproportionation, deposit on the Ni catalytic surface. -Allows readers to track the development from the conventional SOFC to the non-electrolyte or single-component fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices will serve as an important reference work to students, scientists, engineers, researchers, and technology developers in the fuel cell field. The annual event of solid oxide fuel cell experts provides a comprehensive overview for relevant technological advancements in the SOFC field. The 3D printing process works by combining about 80% ceramic particles with 20% binders and solvents, and then converting that slurry into an ink that can be fed into a 3D printer. Die Beschichtung kann wie erwähnt durch elektrochemische Gasphasenabscheidung erfolgen. Currently, lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) is the cathode material of choice for commercial use because of its compatibility with doped zirconia electrolytes. Chem. [3], The ceramic anode layer must be very porous to allow the fuel to flow towards the electrolyte. Posted on February 11, 2020 May 20, 2020 by Tuomas Hakala. Zudem führen wir gemeinsame Entwicklungen mit unseren Kunden durch. [20] With this mathematical description it is possible to account for different properties of the SOFC. One choice for the electrolyte new materials is the ceria-salt ceramic composites (CSCs). Product Lineup. [44], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Nithya, M., and M. Rajasekhar. Abb.) The anode can be particularly problematic, as the oxidation of the hydrogen produces steam, which further dilutes the fuel stream as it travels along the length of the cell. For more information : MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD. Various alternatives that could be successful at low temperature include gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and erbia-cation-stabilized bismuth (ERB). This manufacturing technique would allow SOFC cell structure to be more flexible, which could lead to more efficient designs. Its electronic conductivity must be kept as low as possible to prevent losses from leakage currents. Hybrid System of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Micro Gas Turbines (MGT) Power generating system with multi-use capabilities for various fuels including natural gas, biogas and hydrogen. [8] Carbon deposition becomes important especially when hydrocarbon fuels are used, i.e. over-overnext EFCF 2023. 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